基于CFD方法的铅铋冷却燃料棒束的热工水力特性分析

铅铋冷却快堆作为第4代反应堆候选之一具有安全性高等特点，研究其在正常工况下的热工水力特性具有重要意义。本文基于商用计算流体力学（CFD）软件STAR-CCM+，使用流固耦合的方法对带有绕丝结构的19棒束铅铋组件进行数值分析，探究了质量流量、功率等边界条件对组件内部流动传热特性的影响。模拟计算结果表明：CFD方法在子通道中心温度和壁面温度预测上与实验结果取得了较好的一致。同时，绕丝结构的存在使得子通道之间存在周期性的横向交混，并使得棒束表面温度呈现震荡。随质量流量的增加，子通道间横向交混增大。功率变化对通道间的横向交混速度的影响较小，冷却剂温度的横向分布无明显差异。     

Nonlinear convection in an elasticoviscous fluid‐saturated anisotropic porous layer using a local thermal nonequilibrium model

By adopting a perturbation method and a local thermal nonequilibrium model, nonlinear thermal convection in an anisotropic porous layer saturated by an elasticoviscous fluid is investigated. An elasticoviscous fluid is modeled by a modified Darcy‐Oldroyd‐B model, and the fluid and solid phase temperatures are represented using a two‐field model for the heat transport equation. Anisotropy in permeability and fluid and solid thermal conductivities are considered. A cubic Landau equation is derived separately to study the stability of bifurcating solution of both stationary and oscillatory convection, and the results of linear instability theory are delineated. The boundary between stationary and oscillatory convection is demarcated by identifying codimension‐two points in the viscoelastic parameters plane. It is found that the subcritical instability is not possible, and the linear instability analysis itself completely captures the behavior of the onset of convection. Heat transfer is obtained in terms of Nusselt number, and the effect of governing parameters on the same is discussed. The results of the Maxwell fluid are obtained as a particular case from the present study.     

结构参数对电厂翅片管散热器动态特性的影响

散热器经常处于变化的工作条件中,研究散热器的动态特性有助于改善间接空冷系统的安全和经济运行,而散热器的结构参数会影响其动态特性。根据能量守恒建立了散热器空气、管壁和循环水的热平衡偏微分方程,采用改进欧拉法对偏微分方程组进行求解。以迎面风速阶跃变化为典型工况,研究了换热面积、换热系数和工质体积对散热器动态特性的影响。结果如下:当空气侧换热面积增加时,散热器换热量增大,两个稳态之间的空气出口温度差值不变,循环水出口温度差值增加,空气侧响应时间增加,循环水侧响应时间不变。当循环水侧换热面积增加时,散热器换热量增大,两个稳态之间的空气和循环水出口温度差值不变,空气侧和循环水侧的响应时间也不变。换热系数变化时,散热器动态过程的变化规律与换热面积变化时类似。空气侧工质体积变化对散热器动态特性没有影响。循环水侧工质体积增大会使得动态响应时间变长。     

接顶率对充填体稳定性的影响研究

为了研究充填接顶率对充填体稳定性的影响,运用MIDAS有限元软件建立了不同接顶率下胶结充填矿柱稳定性分析模型。在研究影响充填接顶率主要因素的基础上,得到充填次数与充填接顶率的关系方程。采用MIDAS软件创建了11个不同接顶率的矿岩及充填体模型,通过分析不同充填接顶率时胶结充填体的受力状况,对胶结充填体安全稳定性进行综合评价,从而得到较合理的充填接顶率。将该研究成果运用于某多金属矿山,当一步采场充填接顶率为72.6%时,充填次数少、充填成本低且能保证采矿作业的安全性。该研究为其他类似矿山科学合理地提高充填接顶率提供了一种全新的指导方向。     

催化裂化催化剂形貌分析方法的建立

结合显微镜观察,通过分析毫米级颗粒、微米级Duke粒子及催化裂化催化剂,研究动态数字图像分析仪CamsizerX2分析颗粒形貌的合理准确性。考察分散方式、分散压力和记录颗粒数量因素的影响,建立了催化裂化催化剂球形貌分析方法。     

Three dimensional flow simulation over a sharp-crested V-Notch weir

Thin-plate weirs are widely used to monitor the flow rate in open channels. Thereby, three dimensional (3D) modeling of the flow over a weir in an open channel can be considered as one of the main topics in hydraulic science. In this study, the flow over a sharp-crested v-notch weir (SCVW) is simulated by a 3D numerical model. Laboratory experiments were conducted to monitor and measure the behavior of the SCVW in practice. Finally, the simulated velocity distributions, water surface profiles, and hydraulic jump were compared with those of the experimental data. Due to the turbulent nature of the flow over the SCVW, a Reynolds stress model (RSM) and three types of the k–ϵ turbulence models with the fractional volume of fluid technique (VOF) were used in the analysis. In this respect, the two-phase solution method and dense mesh were used in generating the simulation domain. Results indicated that the RSM exhibited higher accuracy in defining the velocity distribution, complex flow pattern, and predicting the hydraulic jump formation downstream of the SCVW.     

球磨过程中介质群运动区域划分方法研究

球磨过程中介质群运动状态变化对物料的破碎效率影响极大，通过对介质群运动状态进行区域划分，探究不同球磨工况下的介质群运动区域特征更能有效揭示介质群对物料的破碎方式和有效破碎区域。针对理论划分介质群运动区域过于理想、单一，试验追踪法成本过高的问题，提出了一种介质群运动区域划分的新方法-EDEM网格划分法。首先把筒体的横截面划分为若干个微元，利用数理统计的方法得到介质群位置概率分布函数，获取介质群运动速度区域分布图和碰撞特性区域分布图。然后给出了回转运动、螺旋运动及复合颤振运动三种工况下介质群运动区域的划分实例，并与试验追踪法对比，验证了EDEM网格划分法的准确性和有效性。最后通过粉磨试验中进料的破碎速率和微细颗粒产率探讨了介质群运动区域特性对颗粒的破碎方式和有效破碎区域的影响效果。本研究为优化球磨过程的影响因素和操作参数提供了一种快捷、有效的方法。     

基于特征贡献率的机械故障分类方法

为提高往复压缩机、航空发动机等复杂机械故障分类的准确率，依据特征参数对不同故障的敏感度存在差异的特性，提出一种狄利克雷过程混合模型(Dirichlet process mixture model,简称DPMM)与贝叶斯推断贡献(Bayesian inference contribution,简称BIC)相结合的分析方法。采用DPMM方法自学习机械振动信号高维特征的统计分布模型，并依据BIC理论计算得到各特征参数对模型的贡献率，通过对比观测数据与各类故障数据特征贡献率间的差异实现故障分类。试验结果表明，该方法的平均分类准确率比基于高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,简称GMM)的故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率提高19.29%，比基于Relief算法的故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率提高32.71%，且该方法的时效性高，泛化性能强，能够更有效地进行复杂机械故障分类。     

基于人脸视频的心率参数提取

为了在舒适非接触环境下检测被试者的心率变化,本文设计了一种通过普通摄像头来检测心率参数的信号处理系统。首先,将KLT(Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi)算法跟踪识别到的人脸视频图像转换到YCbCr颜色空间来进行皮肤检测,并同时转换到Cg颜色通道来提取高质量的光电容积脉搏波(Photoplethysmography, PPG)信号。然后,用Morlet复小波作为母波绘制PPG信号的小波能量谱图。最后根据心率信号的生理特性,去除伪点噪声,提取随时间变化的心率参数。实验结果表明,该方法在静息状态下的测量结果同标准仪器测量结果的平均绝对值误差|M_e|小于2 bpm(beats per minute),误差的标准差SD_e小于2.5 bpm,RMSE均小于2.6 bpm;头部运动状态下两种测量方法的|M_e|均小于2.3 bpm,SD_e均小于2.9 bpm,RMSE均小于2.9 bpm。对两种测量方法进行Bland-Altman一致性分析,其测量结果显示静息状态下差值的均数■为0.295 7 bpm,95%置信区间为-3.340 1~3.931 4 bpm;头部运动状态下■为0.383 2 bpm,95%置信区间为-3.677 1~4.443 5 bpm,表明本文提出的非接触式方法的测量结果同标准仪器的测量结果具有高度的一致性。     

Proposal of novel chatter stability indices of spindle speed variation based on its chatter growth characteristics

Chatter is one of the most critical problems that causes poor surface quality and restriction of machining efficiency. Spindle speed variation (SSV) is a well-known technique for suppression of regenerative chatter. However, in the authors’ understanding, the chatter suppression effect diminishes when the spindle speed difference between the present and previous cutting moments is small. Furthermore, the stability changes largely according to the spindle speed variation profile which changes with the set condition of SSV parameters, e.g., nominal spindle speed, variation period and variation amplitude. Therefore, SSV parameters should be adequately set to avoid this limitation and to exert its effect throughout the entire duration of cutting. However, there is no clear methodology to determine the optimal condition. This paper presents the characteristics of chatter growth during SSV focusing on the change of chatter frequency, which lead to novel indices to evaluate the chatter stability when cutting with SSV. To verify the validity of the indices, time-domain simulations and the cutting experiments with triangular spindle speed variation (TSSV) are carried out. The influence of SSV parameters on the chatter stability is investigated from the simulation and experimental results. The limitations of widely utilized SSV profiles are discussed.